The good news this Labor Day: Jobs are returning. The bad news this Labor Day: Most of them pay lousy wages and provide low, if not nonexistent, benefits.
The trend toward lousy wages began before the Great Recession. According to a new report from the Economic Policy Institute, weak wage growth between 2000 and 2007, combined with wage losses for most workers since then, means that the bottom 60 percent of working Americans are earning less now than 13 years ago.
This is also part of the explanation for why the percentage of Americans living below the poverty line has been increasing even as the economy has started to recover ― from 12.3 percent in 2006 to around 14 percent this year. More than 35 million Americans now live below the poverty line.
Many of them have jobs. The problem is that these jobs just don’t pay enough to lift their families out of poverty.
But wait a minute. Since 2000, productivity has grown by nearly 25 percent. That means the typical American worker is now producing a quarter more output than he or she did 13 years ago.
So if wages have flattened or declined for the bottom 60 percent, yet productivity has increased, where have the gains gone? Mostly to corporations and the very rich.
All of which gives some context to the strikes in recent weeks at fast-food chain stores, such as McDonalds, where workers are demanding a raise to $15 an hour from their current pay of $8 to $10 an hour. And the demonstrations and walkouts at Walmart stores, whose workers are also demanding better pay. The average Walmart employee earns $8.81 an hour. A third of Walmart’s employees work fewer than 28 hours per week and don’t qualify for benefits.
Few of these workers are teenagers. Most have to support their families. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median age of fast-food workers is over 28; and women, who comprise two-thirds of the industry, are over 32. The median age of big-box retail workers is over 30. These workers typically bring in half their family’s earnings.
They deserve a raise.
At the very least, the minimum wage should be increased from the current $7.25 an hour to $10.50 ― and to $15 in areas of the country with a higher cost of living. Had the federal minimum wage simply kept up with inflation from the late 1960s, it would already be well over $10 today.
Contrary to the predictable pontifications of conservative pundits, such a raise won’t cause many low-wage workers to lose their jobs. Unlike industrial jobs, these sorts of retail service jobs can’t be outsourced abroad. Nor are they likely to be replaced by automated machinery and computers. The service these workers provide is personal and direct: Someone has to be on hand to help customers and dole out the burgers.
And don’t believe critics who say any wage gains these workers receive will be passed on to consumers in higher prices. Big-box retailers and fast-food chains have to compete intensely for consumers. They have no choice but to keep their prices low.
This means wage gains for low-paid workers are most likely to come out of profits ― which, in turn, would slightly trim returns to shareholders and compensation packages of top executives.
That wouldn’t be such a bad thing.
According to a report by the National Employment Law Project, most low-wage workers are employed by large corporations that have been enjoying healthy profits. Three-quarters of these employers (the 50 biggest employers of low-wage workers) are raking in higher revenues now than they did before the recession.
McDonald’s ― bellwether for the fast-food industry ― posted strong results during the recession by attracting cash-strapped customers, and its sales have continued to rise. McDonald’s CEO Don Thompson was awarded a big whopper of a compensation package last year, valued at $13.8 million.
Yum! Brands, which operates and licenses Taco Bell, KFC and Pizza Hut, has also done wonderfully well. Its CEO, David Novak, received $11.3 million in compensation last year. The company enjoyed a 13 percent gain in annual earnings ― its 11th straight year of double-digit growth. Shareholders got a return of 15 percent.
Walmart, the nation’s largest employer, also continues to grow despite a sluggish economy, and pays its executives handsomely. The total compensation of Walmart’s CEO, Michael Duke, was $20.7 million last year, up from $18.1 million in 2011. Total sales rose 5 percent to $466.1 billion. Earnings per share rose 10.6 percent.
Not incidentally, the wealth of the Walton family ― which still owns the lion’s share of Walmart stock ― now exceeds the wealth of the bottom 40 percent of American families combined, according to an analysis by the Economic Policy Institute.
It would not be a tragedy if some of these shareholder returns and compensation packages have to be trimmed in order that low-wage workers at McDonald’s, KFC and Walmart get a raise.
Indeed, if this nation is to reverse the scourge of widening inequality, such a trimming is necessary.
By Robert Reich
Robert Reich, former U.S. secretary of labor, is professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley and the author of “Beyond Outrage,” now available in paperback. His new film, “Inequality for All,” will be out Sept. 27. He blogs at www.robertreich.org. ― Ed.
(Tribune Content Agency)
