Public support for the European Union has fallen sharply in its biggest member states over the past year, a survey showed Tuesday, weeks before Britons vote on whether to leave the 28-nation bloc.

Most striking was a plunge in the percentage of Europeans who view the EU favorably, a development which appears linked to the bloc’s handling of the refugee crisis and the economy.

The fall was most pronounced in France, where only 38 percent of respondents said they had a favorable view of the EU, down 17 points from last year.

Favorability ratings also fell by 16 points in Spain to 47 percent, by eight points in Germany to 50 percent, and by seven points in Britain to 44 percent.