Published : Aug. 19, 2020 - 05:30
Keeping schoolchildren home again this fall will come at a hefty price for families and economies around the world. In Hong Kong, authorities may be underestimating the cost.
The government’s decision to start the new academic year online after a resurgence in COVID-19 cases has generated little public discussion. That’s a surprise, given that the poorest will suffer disproportionately from another prolonged shutdown.
Caution is appropriate when it comes to a virus, especially in a densely populated city. Yet while Hong Kong has been quick to close schools and libraries, its malls and cafes are bustling.
The $370 billion economy -- battered by months of demonstrations, then a coronavirus pandemic and sweeping national security legislation -- will suffer from this reflexive prudence. So, too, will all corners of Hong Kong society. Rich families and expatriates will move faster for the exits. The least wealthy, in a city with no real social security net, face the prospect of a lost generation of children marooned in tiny apartments, with insufficient privacy, technology and parental support.
This isn’t a blanket demand for classrooms to open in September. Hong Kong’s wariness, even after the latest outbreak, has helped contain infections. School closures elsewhere have been associated with a drop in cases. Yet the burden already carried by Hong Kong’s most disadvantaged suggests it is urgent to weigh the wider damage.
The debate around when to resume face-to-face teaching is international. In April, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization estimated 1.5 billion kids were out of the classroom. There are few easy answers for policy makers.
Hong Kong’s Gini coefficient -- a measure of income inequality that ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 being perfect equality -- stood at 0.54 in 2016, the widest gap in nearly half a century. After taking into account tax and social benefits, that dips to 0.47, still considerably worse than developed economies. Research globally shows moving learning online widens that chasm.
The first results from a major study at the University of Hong Kong did have good news last month: Questioned after the first coronavirus closures, teachers said students were by and large able to get through the required curriculum, and neither teaching staff nor parents saw long-term negative effects. Dig deeper, though, and the findings show students struggled to master complex concepts, while sustained online learning was seen to aggravate disadvantages. Only 55 percent of primary school students had sole access to a large-screen device, meaning almost half were sharing or had no access at all. For secondary students, almost one in four was sharing.
The government has sought to mitigate that, with financial support for schools and students, and funds made available to help underprivileged children get adequate technology and internet access. The Education Bureau says HK$73 million ($9.4 million) was disbursed in the last academic year, through schools, to help with devices and accessories alone. That’s a help, though with 281 schools participating, the average is hardly gargantuan. Anecdotal evidence from my working class neighborhood of Shek Kip Mei suggests that, in a city used to fending for itself, the information hasn’t always trickled down. Technology is also only a partial solution -- necessary, but not sufficient, especially for early learners. Primary school educators said they struggled to interact with students; weaker ones, without support, became disengaged. Ethnic minorities fare worse.
Scarred by SARS, Hong Kong moved laudably fast to close schools back in January. That doesn’t mean it is right to continue fighting with the same weapons for the next 12 months or more. The longer the pandemic continues, the more glaring the costs. The American Academy of Pediatrics has advocated starting with the aim of getting children back to school, given the impact of staying home on their social and emotional development. That’s before considering the impact on future earnings, the increased risk of older students dropping out and the effect on poorer women, who already struggle to join the workforce in Hong Kong. Oxfam’s acting director for its Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan program, Wong Shek Hung, said job losses in a place where it isn’t easy to qualify for state support had left families cutting back on food, without free school lunches to fall back on.
One advantage the former colony has is that schools have opened safely here before. Students trickled back from the end of May, after four months at home. My children, and thousands of others, were kept safe with social distancing, hand-washing and simple measures like eating lunch at home. With its latest outbreak coming under control, Hong Kong can certainly afford to reopen classrooms before bars, gyms and spas. It can also improve testing efforts.
After teachers and students were subjects of controversy during the 2019 protests, the decision to keep schools closed might also appear politically convenient. In fact, Hong Kong’s blunt approach probably has more to do with bureaucratic rigidity. Flexibility is hard, but necessary. A long-lasting pandemic, a battered economy and a traumatized generation demand it.
Clara Ferreira MarquesClara Ferreira Marques is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist covering commodities and environmental, social and governance issues. -- Ed.
(Bloomberg)