사우디, 이란과 단교 선언…이란 "사우디가 중동안보 위협"

아델 알주바이르 사우디아라비아 외무장관은 3일(현지시간) 이란과 외교관계를 단절한다고 선언했다.

(Yonhap)

이로써 중동의 양대 강국인 사우디와 이란의 대치가 최고조에 달해 중동 정세 전체가 경색 국면을 맞게 됐다.

또 양국이 수니파와 시아파의 맹주인 만큼 중동의 종파 간 갈등도 일촉즉발의 위기로 치달을 전망이다.

알주바이르 장관은 사우디에 주재하는 모든 이란 외교관은 48시간 안에 본국으로 떠나라고 밝혔다.

이는 2일 사우디가 셰이크 님르 바크르 알님르 등 반정부 시아파 유력인사 4명을 테러 혐의로 사형을 집행한 뒤 이란 시위대가 사우디 대사관과 총영사관을 공격한 데 따른 조치다.

알주바이르 장관은 "이란이 사우디의 안보를 해치는 상황을 좌시하지 않겠다"고 강조했다.

사우디 정부 소유의 알아라비야 방송은 이란 시위대의 사우디 외교공관 공격 뒤 사우디 외교관들이 아랍에미리트(UAE) 두바이로 피신했다고 4일 보도했다.

이에 대해 호세인 아미르 압돌라히안 이란 외무차관은 4일 "사우디는 단교 조치로 그들의 큰 실수를 만회할 수 없다"며 "이란에 주재하는 사우디 외교관 중 아무도 다치지 않았다"고 반박했다.

이어 "이란은 외교관이 임무를 수행하기에 가장 안전한 나라 중 하나"라며 "사우디는 전략적 실수와 섣부른 접근으로 중동 안보를 위협한 적이 한두 번이 아니다"라고 비판했다.

(Yonhap)

사우디와 이란은 종종 갈등을 겪었지만 1980년대 중반까지는 비교적 원만한 관계였다.

이란의 국가 체제가 왕정에서 신정일치의 이슬람 국가로 전환된 1979년 이슬람 혁명을 이끈 아야톨라 루홀라 호메이니는 사우디에 비판적이었으나 당시 칼리드 사우디 국왕은 축전을 보내기도 했다.

양국은 그러나 1987년 호메이니가 사우디의 건국이념인 보수적 수니사상 와하비즘을 이단이라고 비난하면서 1988년부터 약 3년간 국교가 단절됐다.

당시 두 나라의 관계가 틀어진 데는 1980∼1988년 이란-이라크 전쟁 때 사우디가 같은 수니파인 이라크의 사담 후세인 정권을 지원해 구원이 쌓인데다 1987년 7월 사우디 메카 성지순례에서 벌어진 이란 순례객과 사우디 경찰과 충돌이 결정적 원인이었다.

그러나 양국 지도자가 외교관계 복원에 힘쓰고 1990년 8월 이라크가 쿠웨이트를 침공한 데 대해 이란이 이라크를 비판하면서 사우디의 편에 선 것을 계기로 1991년 외교관계가 회복됐다. (연합)

Saudis cut ties with Iran following Shiite cleric execution

Saudi Arabia announced Sunday it was severing diplomatic relations with Shiite powerhouse Iran amid escalating tensions over the Sunni kingdom’s execution of a prominent Shiite cleric.

The move came hours after protesters stormed and set fire to the Saudi Embassy in Tehran and followed harsh criticism by Iran’s top leader of the Saudis’ execution of Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr. 

Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir said Iranian diplomatic personnel had 48 hours to leave his country and all Saudi diplomatic personnel in Iran had been called home.

The mass execution of al-Nimr and 46 others _ the largest carried out by Saudi Arabia in three and a half decades _ laid bare the sectarian divisions gripping the region as demonstrators took to the streets from Bahrain to Pakistan in protest. 

It also illustrated the kingdom’s new aggressiveness under King Salman. During his reign, Saudi Arabia has led a coalition fighting Shiite rebels in Yemen and staunchly opposed regional Shiite power Iran, even as Tehran struck a nuclear deal with world powers. 

Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, warned Saudi Arabia on Sunday of ``divine revenge’’ over al-Nimr’s death, while Riyadh accused Tehran of supporting ``terrorism” in a war of words that threatened to escalate even as the U.S. and the European Union sought to calm the region. 

Al-Nimr was a central figure in Arab Spring-inspired protests by Saudi Arabia’s Shiite minority until his arrest in 2012. He was convicted of terrorism charges but denied advocating violence.

On Saturday, Saudi Arabia put al-Nimr and three other Shiite dissidents to death, along with a number of al-Qaida militants. Al-Nimr’s execution drew protests from Shiites around the world, who backed his call for reform and wider political freedom for their sect. 

While the split between Sunnis and Shiites dates back to the early days of Islam and disagreements over the successor to Prophet Muhammad, those divisions have only grown as they intertwine with regional politics, with both Iran and Saudi Arabia vying to be the Mideast’s top power.

Iran accuses Saudi Arabia of supporting terrorism in part because it backs Syrian rebel groups fighting to oust its embattled ally, President Bashar Assad. Riyadh points to Iran’s backing of the Lebanese Hezbollah and other Shiite militant groups in the region as a sign of its support for terrorism. Iran also has backed Shiite rebels in Yemen known as Houthis.

Khamenei, the Iranian supreme leader, condemned al-Nimr’s execution, saying Sunday the cleric “neither invited people to take up arms nor hatched covert plots. The only thing he did was public criticism.” 

Iran’s powerful Revolutionary Guard said Saudi Arabia’s “medieval act of savagery” would lead to the “downfall” of the country’s monarchy.

Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Ministry said that by condemning the execution, Iran had “revealed its true face represented in support for terrorism.”

In Tehran, a protest outside the Saudi Embassy early Sunday quickly grew violent as protesters threw stones and gasoline bombs at the embassy, setting part of the building ablaze, according to Gen. Hossein Sajedinia, the country’s top police official, the semi-official Tasnim news agency reported. 

Forty people were arrested and investigators were pursuing other suspects, Tehran prosecutor Abbas Jafari Dowlatabadi said, according to the semi-official ISNA news agency.

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani condemned Saudi Arabia’s execution of al-Nimr, but also branded those who attacked the Saudi Embassy as “extremists.” 

“It is unjustifiable,” he said in a statement.

Hundreds of protesters later demonstrated in front of the embassy and in a central Tehran square, where street signs near the embassy were replaced with ones bearing the slain sheikh’s name. 

Western powers sought to calm the tensions.

In Washington, State Department spokesman John Kirby said the Obama administration was aware of the Saudis’ severing of ties with Tehran. “We believe that diplomatic engagement and direct conversations remain essential in working through differences and we will continue to urge leaders across the region to take affirmative steps to calm tensions,” Kirby said. 

Earlier, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini spoke to Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif by phone and urged Tehran to “defuse the tensions and protect the Saudi diplomats,” according to a statement. 

The disruption in relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran may have implications for peace efforts in Syria. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and others spent significant time trying to bring the countries to the negotiating table and they both sat together at talks aimed at finding a diplomatic solution to the civil war. Last month, Saudi Arabia convened a meeting of Syrian opposition figures that was designed to create a delegation to attend peace talks with the Syrian government that are supposed to begin in mid-January.

Across the region, demonstrators took to the streets Sunday in protest over the execution of al-Nimr.

In Bahrain, police fired tear gas and birdshot at demonstrators on Sitra Island, south of the capital, Manama, wounding some. In al-Daih, west of the capital, Shiite protesters chanted against Saudi Arabia’s ruling Al Saud family, as well as against Bahrain’s ruling Al Khalifa family. 

In Beirut, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah called al-Nimr “the martyr, the holy warrior,” while protests erupted from Turkey to India to Pakistan. 

The cleric’s execution has also threatened to complicate Saudi Arabia’s relationship with the Shiite-led government in Iraq, where the Saudi Embassy is preparing to formally reopen for the first time in nearly 25 years. On Saturday there were calls for the embassy to be shut down again.

Meanwhile, al-Nimr’s family prepared for three days of mourning at a mosque in al-Awamiya in the kingdom’s al-Qatif region in predominantly Shiite eastern Saudi Arabia. The sheikh’s brother, Mohammed al-Nimr, told The Associated Press that Saudi officials informed his family that the cleric had been buried in an undisclosed cemetery, a development that could lead to further protests.

Gambrell reported from Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Associated Press writers Joseph Krauss and Maamoun Youssef in Cairo, Sinan Salaheddin in Baghdad, Reem Khalifa in Manama, Bahrain, Brian Rohan in Beirut, and Tom Strong and Matthew Lee in Washington contributed to this report. (AFP)