Published : Sept. 15, 2011 - 19:24
WASHINGTON (AP) ― To soar far away from Earth and even on to Mars, NASA has dreamed up the world’s most powerful rocket, a behemoth that borrows from the workhorse liquid-fuel rockets that sent Apollo missions into space four decades ago.
But with a price tag that some estimate at $35 billion, it may not fly with Congress.
NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and several members of Congress on Wednesday unveiled the Obama administration’s much-delayed general plans for its rocket design, called the Space Launch System. The multibillion-dollar program would carry astronauts in a capsule on top, and the first mission would be 10 years off if all goes as planned. Unmanned test launches are expected from Cape Canaveral, Florida, in six years.
Calling it the “largest, most powerful rocket built,” NASA’s exploration and operations chief, William Gerstenmaier, said the rocket will be tough to construct.
But when NASA does it, “we’ll have a capability to go beyond low-Earth orbit like no other nation does here on Earth,” he said in a telephone briefing Wednesday.
The rocket resembles those NASA relied on before the space shuttle, but even its smallest early prototype will have 10 percent more thrust than the Saturn V that propelled Apollo astronauts to the moon. When it is built to its fuller size, it will be 20 percent more powerful, Gerstenmaier said. That bigger version will have the horsepower of 208,000 sports car engines.
This artist’s concept provided by NASA on Wednesday shows the new rocket design. (AP-Yonhap News)
NASA is trying to remain flexible on where it wants to go and when. The space agency is aiming for a nearby asteroid around 2025 and then on to Mars in the 2030s. There could even be a short hop to the moon, but not as a main goal. All those targets require lots of brute force to escape Earth’s orbit, something astronauts have not done since 1972.
The far-from-finalized price tag may be too steep given federal budget constraints.
“Will it be tough times going forward? Of course it is,” Sen. Bill Nelson, a Florida Democrat, said in a separate news conference. “We are in an era in which we have to do more with less ― all across the board ― and the competition for the available dollars will be fierce. But what we have here now are the realistic costs” verified by independent experts.
Although five senators of both parties who are leaders in science issues praised the plan in a joint press release, outside experts are skeptical that Congress will agree to such a big spending project.
“In the current political environment, new spending is probably the most taboo thing in politics,” said Stan Collender, a former Democratic congressional budget analyst. He put the odds of this getting congressional approval at “no better than 50-50 this year. There are going to be a lot of questions asking what kind of commitment we’re going to be making here. You can find yourself with a rocket that no one wants to fire.”
Nelson puts the cost of the program at about $18 billion over the next five years. But that estimate is mostly for development and design through the first test flight in 2017, and does not include production of later rockets, Gerstenmaier said. Gerstenmaier would not give a total estimate, but it is almost double that, according to senior administration officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to make the announcement.
University of Texas engineering professor Hans Mark, a former NASA deputy chief and frequent critic of recent space agency plans, said money and where the rocket is going are likely to be bigger problems than technical engineering issues. He said that in some ways, it sounds like NASA is melding the best of space shuttle and Apollo technologies.
The rocket is similar to Apollo not only in size and shape, but in its reliance on liquid fuel. The winged, reusable and recently retired space shuttles sat on top of a giant liquid fuel tank, but relied heavily on twin solid rocket boosters to get off the ground.
NASA figures it will be building and launching about one rocket a year for about 15 years or more in the 2020s and 2030s, according to the senior officials. The idea is to launch its first unmanned test flight in 2017 and send up the first crew in 2021, followed by the asteroid and Mars missions.